June 6
June 6 is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 208 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 1513 – Italian Wars: Battle of Novara. Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis de la Tremoille, forcing the French to abandon Milan. Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored.
- 1523 – Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden, marking the end of the Kalmar Union.
- 1644 – The Qing Dynasty Manchu forces led by the Shunzhi Emperor capture Beijing during the collapse of the Ming Dynasty. The Manchus would rule China until 1912 when the Republic of China is established.
- 1654 – Charles X succeeds his abdicated cousin Queen Christina to the Swedish throne.
- 1674 – Shivaji, founder of the Maratha empire is crowned.
- 1683 – The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, England, opens as the world's first university museum.
- 1752 – A devastating fire destroys one-third of Moscow, including 18,000 homes.
- 1808 – Napoleon's brother, Joseph Bonaparte is crowned King of Spain.
- 1809 – Sweden promulgates a new Constitution, which restores political power to the Riksdag of the Estates after 20 years of Enlightened absolutism.
- 1813 – War of 1812: Battle of Stoney Creek – A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeats an American force two times its size under William Winder and John Chandler.
- 1822 – Alexis St. Martin accidentally shot in the stomach, which leads way to William Beaumont's studies on digestion.
- 1832 – The June Rebellion of Paris is put down by the National Guard.
- 1833 – U.S. President Andrew Jackson becomes the first President to ride on a train.
- 1844 – The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in London.
- 1857 – Sophia of Nassau marries the future King Oscar II of Sweden-Norway.
- 1859 – Australia: Queensland is established as a separate colony from New South Wales (Queensland Day).
- 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Memphis – Union forces capture Memphis, Tennessee, from the Confederates.
- 1882 – More than 100,000 inhabitants of Bombay are killed as a cyclone in the Arabian Sea pushes huge waves into the harbour.
- 1882 – The Shewan forces of Menelik II of Ethiopia defeat the Gojjame army in the Battle of Embabo. The Shewans capture Negus Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, and their victory leads to a Shewan hegemony over the territories south of the Abay River.
- 1889 – The Great Seattle fire destroys the entirety of downtown Seattle, Washington.
- 1892 – Chicago 'L' begins operation
- 1894 – Governor Davis H. Waite orders the Colorado state militia to protect and support the miners engaged in the Cripple Creek miners' strike.
- 1909 – French troops capture Abéché (in modern-day Chad) and install a puppet sultan in the Ouaddai Empire.
- 1912 – The eruption of Novarupta in Alaska begins. It is the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century.
- 1918 – World War I: Battle of Belleau Wood – The U.S. Marine Corps suffers its worst single day's casualties while attempting to recapture the wood at Chateau-Thierry.
- 1919 – The Republic of Prekmurje ends.
- 1921 – The Southwark Bridge in London, is opened for traffic by King George V and Queen Mary.
- 1932 – The Revenue Act of 1932 is enacted, creating the first gas tax in the United States, at a rate of 1 cent per US gallon (1/4 ¢/L) sold.
- 1933 – The first drive-in theater opens, in Camden, New Jersey, United States.
- 1934 – New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Securities Act of 1933 into law, establishing the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
- 1939 – Judge Joseph Force Crater, known as the "Missingest Man in New York", is declared legally dead.
- 1942 – World War II: Battle of Midway. U.S. Navy dive bombers sink the Japanese cruiser Mikuma and four Japanese carriers.
- 1944 – World War II: Battle of Normandy begins. D-Day, code named Operation Overlord, commences with the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France. The allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland in the largest amphibious military operation in history.
- 1946 – The National Basketball Association is created, with eleven original teams.
- 1964 – Under a temporary order, the rocket launches at Cuxhaven, Germany, are terminated, though they never resume.
- 1971 – Soyuz program: Soyuz 11 launches.
- 1971 – A midair collision between a Hughes Airwest Douglas DC-9 jetliner and a United States Marine Corps McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II jet fighter near Duarte, California claims 50 lives.
- 1971 – Vietnam War: The Battle of Long Khanh between Australian and Vietnamese communist forces begins.
- 1974 – A new Instrument of Government is promulgated making Sweden a parliamentary monarchy.
- 1981 – Bihar train disaster A passenger train travelling between Mansi and Saharsa, India, jumps the tracks at a bridge crossing the Bagmati river. The government places the official death toll at 268 plus another 300 missing; however, it is generally believed that the actual figure is closer to 1,000 killed.
- 1982 – 1982 Lebanon War begins: Forces under Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon in their "Operation Peace for the Galilee", eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut.
- 1984 – Tetris, one of the best-selling video games of all-time, is released.
- 1985 – The grave of "Wolfgang Gerhard" is exhumed in Embu, Brazil; the remains found are later proven to be those of Josef Mengele, Auschwitz's "Angel of Death". Mengele is thought to have drowned while swimming in February 1979..
- 1993 – Mongolia holds its first direct presidential elections.
- 2002 – Eastern Mediterranean Event. A near-Earth asteroid estimated at 10 meters diameter explodes over the Mediterranean Sea between Greece and Libya. The resulting explosion is estimated to have a force of 26 kilotons, slightly more powerful than the Nagasaki atomic bomb.
- 2004 – Tamil is established as a Classical language by the President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam in a joint sitting of the two houses of the Indian Parliament.
- 2005 – The United States Supreme Court upholds a federal law banning cannabis, including medical marijuana, in Gonzales v. Raich.
Births
- 1236 – Wen Tianxiang, Chinese statesman (d. 1283)
- 1296 – Władysław of Legnica, Duke of Legnica (d. 1352)
- 1436 – Regiomontanus, German mathematician (d. 1476)
- 1502 – King John III of Portugal (d. 1557)
- 1519 – Andrea Cesalpino, Italian philosopher and botanist (d. 1603)
- 1542 – Richard Grenville, English soldier and explorer (d. 1591)
- 1576 – Giovanni Diodati, Swiss Protestant clergyman (d. 1649)
- 1580 – Godefroy Wendelin, Flemish astronomer (d. 1667)
- 1599 – Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter (d. 1660)
- 1606 – Pierre Corneille, French dramatist (d. 1684)
- 1622 – Claude-Jean Allouez, French missionary and explorer (d. 1689)
- 1699 – Johann Georg Estor, German jurist (d. 1773)
- 1714 – King Joseph I of Portugal (d. 1777)
- 1755 – Nathan Hale, American writer and patriot (d. 1776)
- 1756 – John Trumbull, American painter (d. 1843)
- 1772 – Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies, Holy Roman Empire Empress (d. 1807)
- 1799 – Alexander Pushkin, Russian poet (d. 1837)
- 1807 – Thieu Tri, the third emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty of Vietnam (d. 1847)
- 1810 – Friedrich Wilhelm Schneidewin, German classical scholar (d. 1856)
- 1829 – Honinbo Shusaku, Japanese Go player (d. 1862)
- 1841 – Eliza Orzeszkowa, Polish novelist (d. 1910)
- 1844 – Konstantin Savitsky, Russian painter (d. 1905)
- 1850 – Karl Ferdinand Braun, German physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1918)
- 1857 – Aleksandr Lyapunov, Russian mathematician (d. 1918)
- 1862 – Henry John Newbolt, English author (d. 1938)
- 1867 – David T. Abercrombie, American entrepreneur (d. 1931)
- 1868 – Sir Robert Falcon Scott, English explorer (d. 1912)
- 1872 – Tsarina Alexandra of Russia (d. 1918)
- 1875 – Thomas Mann, German writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1955)
- 1878 – Vincent de Moro-Giafferi, French criminal attorney (d. 1956)
- 1890 – Ted Lewis, American bandleader (d. 1971)
- 1891 – Maasti Venkatesh Iyengar, Karnatakaian poet and playwright (d. 1986)
- 1892 – Donald F. Duncan Sr., American entrepreneur (d. 1971)
- 1896 – Henry Allingham, English first world war veteran, and supercentenarian (d. 2009)
- 1896 – Italo Balbo, Italian fascist leader (d. 1940)
- 1898 – Ninette de Valois, Irish dancer (d. 2001)
- 1898 – Walter Abel, American actor (d. 1987)
- 1900 – Manfred Sakel, Polish psychiatrist (d. 1957)
- 1901 – Sukarno, First President of Indonesia (d. 1970)
- 1902 – Jimmie Lunceford, American bandleader (d. 1947)
- 1903 – Aram Khachaturian, Armenian composer (d. 1978)
- 1906 – Max August Zorn, German-born mathematician (d. 1993)
- 1907 – Bill Dickey, American baseball player (d. 1993)
- 1913 – Carlo L. Golino, American scholar (d. 1991)
- 1914 – H. Adams Carter, American mountaineer (d. 1995)
- 1915 – Vincent Persichetti, American composer (d. 1987)
- 1916 – Hamani Diori, former President of Niger (d. 1989)
- 1917 – Kirk Kerkorian, American businessman
- 1918 – Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2009)
- 1919 – Peter Carrington, British politician
- 1923 – V. C. Andrews, American author (d. 1986)
- 1926 – Torsten Andersson, Swedish painter (d. 2009)
- 1926 – Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (d. 1998)
- 1929 – Sunil Dutt, Indian actor and politician (d. 2005)
- 1932 – David Scott, American astronaut
- 1932 – Billie Whitelaw, English actress
- 1933 – Eli Broad, American entrepreneur and philanthropist
- 1933 – Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss physicist, Nobel laureate
- 1934 – King Albert II of Belgium
- 1934 – Roy Innis, American civil rights activist
- 1936 – Levi Stubbs, American musician (The Four Tops) (d. 2008)
- 1936 – A. Venkatesh Naik, Indian politician
- 1938 – Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza, pretender to the Brazilian throne
- 1939 – Louis Andriessen, Dutch composer
- 1939 – Lawrence Stephen, Nauruan politician (d. 2006)
- 1939 – Gary U.S. Bonds, American musician
- 1939 – Ed Giacomin, Canadian hockey player
- 1939 – Marian Wright Edelman, American activist
- 1940 – Willie John McBride, Irish Rugby player
- 1940 – Larry Lujack, American disc jockey
- 1941 – Alexander Cockburn, Scottish-born American journalist
- 1943 – José de Jesús Gudiño Pelayo, Mexican jurist
- 1943 – Ken Hatfield, American football coach
- 1943 – Richard Smalley, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2005)
- 1944 – Edgar Froese, German artist and electronic music pioneer (Tangerine Dream)
- 1944 – David Penhaligon, British politician (d. 1986)
- 1944 – Phillip Allen Sharp, American scientist, Nobel laureate
- 1944 – Tommie Smith, American track and field athlete
- 1944 – Monty Alexander, Jamaican pianist
- 1945 – David E. Bonior, American politician
- 1945 – David Dukes, American actor (d. 2000)
- 1945 – Arthur Shawcross, American serial killer (d. 2008)
- 1947 – David Blunkett, English politician
- 1947 – Robert Englund, American actor
- 1947 – Ada Kok, Dutch swimmer
- 1948 – Tony Levin, American bassist (King Crimson)
- 1948 – Richard Sinclair, English musician (Caravan)
- 1949 – Ioannis Matzourakis, Greek association football manager and former player
- 1949 – Holly Near, American folk singer
- 1950 – Chantal Akerman, Belgian film director
- 1951 – Marietta Giannakou, Greek politician
- 1951 – Noritake Takahara, Japanese racing driver
- 1951 – Dwight Twilley, American pop/rock singer
- 1952 – Yukihiro Takahashi, Japanese musician and singer (Yellow Magic Orchestra)
- 1952 – Harvey Fierstein, American actor
- 1952 – Jean Hamel, Canadian hockey player
- 1953 – Dimitris Avramopoulos, Greek politician
- 1953 – June Yamagishi, Japanese guitarist
- 1954 – Cynthia Rylant, American author
- 1954 – Władysław Żmuda, Polish footballer
- 1955 – Sandra Bernhard, American actress and comedian
- 1956 – Björn Borg, Swedish tennis player
- 1956 – Bubbi Morthens, Icelandic singer and songwriter
- 1957 – Fred Arbinger, German footballer
- 1957 – Mike Gatting, English cricketer
- 1957 – Christian Rach, German chef
- 1958 – Danny Webb, English actor
- 1959 – Jimmy Jam, American record producer
- 1959 – Colin Quinn, American comedian
- 1959 – David Schultz, American wrestler (d. 1996)
- 1959 – Amanda Pays, English actress
- 1959 – Josie Lawrence, British comedienne and actress
- 1959 – Georgios Voulgarakis, Greek politician
- 1960 – Lola Forner, Spanish actress
- 1960 – Jozef Pribilinec, Slovak athlete
- 1960 – Steve Vai, American musician
- 1961 – Bill Bates, American football player
- 1961 – Tom Araya, Chilean musician (Slayer)
- 1961 – Nir Brand, Israeli composer
- 1963 – Eric Cantor, American politician
- 1963 – Wolfgang Drechsler, German social scientist
- 1963 – Jason Isaacs, English actor
- 1964 – Jay Bentley, American bassist (Bad Religion)
- 1965 – Cam Neely, Canadian hockey player
- 1966 – Tony Yeboah, Ghanaian footballer
- 1966 – Sean Yseult, American musician (White Zombie)
- 1967 – Paul Giamatti, American actor
- 1967 – Max Casella, American actor
- 1968 – François Avard, Canadian writer and scenarist
- 1968 – Alan Licht, American guitarist, composer and journalist
- 1969 – Erik Prince, American businessman
- 1970 – Eugeni Berzin, Russian cyclist
- 1970 – Sarah Dessen, American author
- 1970 – Albert Ferrer, Spanish footballer
- 1970 – Anthony Norris, American wrestler
- 1970 – James Shaffer, American rock musician (Korn)
- 1972 – Cristina Scabbia, Italian singer (Lacuna Coil)
- 1972 – Natalie Morales, American television journalist
- 1973 – Kat Swift, American politician
- 1974 – Danny Strong, American actor
- 1974 – Sonya Walger, British actress
- 1974 – Uncle Kracker, American musician
- 1975 – Cheer Chen, Taiwanese singer and musician
- 1975 – Nina Kaczorowski, American actress
- 1975 – Staci Keanan, American actress
- 1975 – Niklas Sundström, Swedish hockey player
- 1976 – aKido, Canadian musician
- 1976 – Emilie-Claire Barlow, Canadian singer
- 1976 – Geoff Rowley, British skateboarder
- 1976 – Z-Ro, American rapper
- 1977 – David Connolly, Irish footballer
- 1977 – Bryn Williams, Welsh chef
- 1978 – Carl Barât, English musician
- 1978 – Judith Barsi, American actress (d. 1988)
- 1978 – Mariana Popova, Bulgarian singer
- 1978 – Joy Enriquez, American singer
- 1978 – Andrew Reynolds, American professional skater
- 1980 – Matt Belisle, American baseball player
- 1981 – Johnny Pacar, American film actor
- 1981 – Philip McGinley, English actor
- 1983 – Gemma Bissix, British actress
- 1983 – Gianna Michaels, American porn actress
- 1983 – Joe Rokocoko, Fijian rugby player
- 1984 – Noor Sabri, Iraqi footballer
- 1984 – Shannon Stewart, American model
- 1984 – Jason Trusnik, American football player
- 1985 – Drew Galloway, Scottish wrestler
- 1985 – Chris Henry, American football player
- 1985 – Sebastian Larsson, Swedish footballer
- 1986 – Bhavana Balachandran, Indian actress
- 1986 – Kim Hyun Joong, Korean singer (SS501)
- 1986 – Justin Allgaier, American racing driver
- 1987 – Kyle Falconer, Scottish musician
- 1987 – Daniel Logan, New Zealand actor
- 1987 – Rubin Okotie, Austrian footballer
- 1988 – Israel Dagg, New Zealand rugby player
- 1989 – Paula Brancati, Canadian actress
- 1990 – Vid Belec, Slovenian footballer
- 1991 – Dong Woon, Korean singer (B2ST)
- 1992 – Hyuna, Korean singer (4minute)
Deaths
- 1134 – Norbert of Xanten priest, saint and founder of the Premonstratensian Canons Regular (b. 1060)
- 1393 – Emperor Go-En'yu of Japan (b. 1359)
- 1480 – Vecchietta, Italian artist and architect (b. 1412)
- 1548 – João de Castro, Portuguese noble and explorer (b. 1500)
- 1563 – Ikeda Nagamasa, Japanese samurai commander (b. 1519)
- 1583 – Nakagawa Kiyohide, Japanese warlord (b. 1556)
- 1730 – Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon, Marshal of France (b. 1646)
- 1740 – Alexander Spotswood, British Crown Lieutenant Governor of Virginia (b. 1676)
- 1784 – Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol, Dutch politician (b. 1741)
- 1799 – Patrick Henry, American revolutionary (b. 1736)
- 1813 – Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, French architect (b. 1739)
- 1832 – Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher (b. 1748)
- 1840 – Marcellin Champagnat, French priest, saint, co-founder of the Marist Fathers and founder of the Marist Brothers (b. 1789)
- 1843 – Friedrich Hölderlin, German poet and dramatist (b. 1770)
- 1861 – Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1810)
- 1865 – William Quantrill, American confederate raider (b. 1837)
- 1878 – Robert Stirling, Scottish inventor (b. 1790)
- 1881 – Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian composer (b. 1820)
- 1891 – John A. Macdonald, 1st Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1815)
- 1916 – Yuan Shikai, Chinese military officer and politician (b. 1859)
- 1922 – Lillian Russell, American actress (b. 1860)
- 1934 – Julije Kempf, Croatian historian and writer (b. 1864)
- 1935 – Julian Byng, British Field Marshal and 12th Governor-General of Canada (b. 1862)
- 1941 – Louis Chevrolet, American automotive pioneer (b. 1878)
- 1943 – Pandelis Pouliopoulos, secretary of the Communist Party of Greece (b. 1900)
- 1946 – Gerhart Hauptmann, German dramatist, Nobel laureate (b. 1862)
- 1947 – James Agate, British diarist and critic (b. 1877)
- 1948 – Louis Lumière, French movie pioneer (b. 1864)
- 1951 – Olive Tell, American actress (b. 1894)
- 1954 – Fritz Kasparek, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1910)
- 1955 – Max Meldrum, Scottish-born painter (b. 1875)
- 1961 – Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (b. 1875)
- 1961 – Ioannis Theotokis, Greek politician, 146th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1880)
- 1962 – Yves Klein, French artist (b. 1928)
- 1968 – Robert F. Kennedy, 64th United States Attorney General and politician (b. 1925)
- 1968 – Randolph Churchill, son of Winston Churchill (b. 1911)
- 1975 – Larry Blyden, American actor (b. 1925)
- 1976 – J. Paul Getty, American industrialist (b. 1892)
- 1976 – Victor Varconi, Hungarian actor (b. 1891)
- 1979 – Jack Haley, American actor (b. 1898)
- 1981 – Carleton S. Coon, American anthropologist (b. 1904)
- 1982 – Kenneth Rexroth, American poet (b. 1905)
- 1984 – A. Bertram Chandler, Australian author (b. 1912)
- 1991 – Stan Getz, American musician (b. 1927)
- 1992 – Larry Riley, American actor (b. 1952)
- 1994 – Mark McManus, Scottish actor (b. 1935)
- 1994 – Barry Sullivan, American actor (b. 1912)
- 1995 – Savely Kramarov, Soviet and American actor (b. 1934)
- 1996 – George Davis Snell, American geneticist, Nobel laureate (b. 1903)
- 1999 – Anne Haddy, Australian actress (b. 1930)
- 2000 – Frédéric Dard, French writer (b. 1921)
- 2002 – Robbin Crosby, American guitarist (Ratt) (b. 1959)
- 2003 – Ken Grimwood, American writer (b. 1944)
- 2003 – Dave Rowberry, British musician (The Animals) (b. 1940)
- 2005 – Anne Bancroft, American actress (b. 1931)
- 2005 – Dana Elcar, American actor (b. 1927)
- 2006 – Billy Preston, American musician (b. 1946)
- 2006 – Hilton Ruiz, Puerto Rican jazz pianist (b. 1952)
- 2006 – Arnold Newman, American photographer (b. 1918)
- 2009 – Jean Dausset, French immunologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1916)
- 2009 – Jim Owens, American college football head coach (b. 1927)
- 2009 – Mary Howard de Liagre, American actress (b. 1913)
- 2010 – Marvin Isley, American musician The Isley Brothers (b. 1953)
Holidays and observances
External links